Fetal Medicine

New-born screening is a lifesaving medical test that helps detect genetic, metabolic, and hormonal disorders in new-borns shortly after birth. This simple yet crucial screening enables early diagnosis and treatment, preventing severe health complications and ensuring a healthy start to life. New-born screening benefits include early detection, timely medical intervention, and improved long-term health outcomes. Parents should be aware of its importance and ensure their baby undergoes this test for better disease management and prevention. What is New-born Screening? New-born screening is a non-invasive procedure performed within 24 to 48 hours after birth. A few drops of blood are collected from the baby’s heel and analysed for various medical conditions that may not be immediately visible at birth. This screening primarily checks for: ✔️ Metabolic disorders – Conditions affecting how the body processes food and energy. ✔️ Genetic disorders – Inherited conditions that can impact growth and development. ✔️ Hormonal imbalances – Issues related to thyroid or adrenal gland function. ✔️ Blood disorders – Conditions like sickle cell disease that affects oxygen transport. ✔️ Hearing and vision impairments – Ensuring the baby’s sensory development is normal. Top Benefits of New-born Screening 1. Early Detection of Life-Threatening Conditions Many inherited and metabolic disorders are not visible at birth. Without new-born screening, these conditions might go undetected until symptoms appear weeks or months later, which can be too late for effective treatment. ✔️ Congenital hypothyroidism – If untreated, it can cause intellectual disabilities and stunted growth. ✔️ Phenylketonuria (PKU) – Leads to severe brain damage if not managed with a special diet. ✔️ Cystic fibrosis – Early intervention helps improve lung function and overall health. 2. Prevents Severe Disabilities Certain untreated metabolic and genetic disorders can lead to mental, physical, and developmental disabilities. Early screening allows doctors to provide preventive care, lifestyle modifications, and necessary treatments to avoid long-term complications. 3. Reduces Infant Mortality By identifying serious but treatable conditions early, new-born screening reduces the risk of infant mortality. Timely medical intervention improves survival rates and ensures that babies receive the right care before symptoms worsen. 4. Enables Early Treatment & Management If a disorder is detected, immediate treatment can begin, ensuring better health outcomes. For example: ✔️ Hormonal disorders – Treated with hormone replacement therapy. ✔️ Metabolic conditions – Managed through a specialized diet or medications. ✔️ Blood disorders – Monitored and treated with blood transfusions or supplements. 5. Helps Parents Make Informed Healthcare Decisions A positive test result does not always mean a disease is present—it simply indicates a higher risk. Parents can consult paediatricians, genetic counsellors, and specialists to understand the diagnosis and explore the best treatment options. 6. Cost-Effective and Non-Invasive ✔️ The test requires just a few drops of blood from the baby’s heel. ✔️ It is quick, painless, and safe for new-borns. ✔️ Early detection prevents expensive hospitalizations and long-term treatments for severe complications. Common Conditions Screened in New-born Screening 🔹 Congenital Hypothyroidism (CH) – Affects thyroid hormone production, leading to growth and developmental delays. 🔹 Phenylketonuria (PKU) – Causes intellectual disability if left untreated. 🔹 Sickle Cell Disease – Affects red blood cells, leading to anaemia and pain crises. 🔹 Cystic Fibrosis – A genetic disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system. 🔹 Galactosemia – Affects the body’s ability to process milk sugars, leading to liver damage and brain impairment. 🔹 Hearing Loss & Vision Defects – Ensures early detection of sensory impairments for timely intervention. What Happens if a Baby Tests Positive? ✔️ A positive test result does not confirm a disease but indicates a need for further testing. ✔️ Additional tests are conducted to confirm the diagnosis. ✔️ If confirmed, treatment plans are initiated immediately. Why is New-born Screening Essential in Kolkata? Kolkata has world-class paediatric and neonatal care facilities equipped with advanced new-born screening programs. Consulting a top paediatrician in Kolkata ensures your baby receives the best possible healthcare from birth. New-born screening is a lifesaving test that every baby should undergo. It helps detect and prevent life-threatening conditions, improves long-term health outcomes, and gives parents peace of mind. If you’re expecting a baby, consult a paediatrician in Kolkata about new-born screening to ensure a healthy start for your little one! 📢 Book a new-born screening test today for a healthier tomorrow!