Irregular periods are a common concern among women of reproductive age. While occasional fluctuations in menstrual cycles are normal, persistent irregularities can indicate underlying health issues. A normal menstrual cycle lasts between 21 to 35 days, with an average cycle of 28 days. However, if your cycles are consistently shorter, longer, or unpredictable, it may be time to seek medical advice. Understanding the causes of irregular periods and the best treatment options can help maintain reproductive health and prevent complications.

Common Causes of Irregular Periods

1. Hormonal Imbalance

One of the leading causes of irregular menstrual cycles is a hormonal imbalance. This can be due to:

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – A condition where excess androgens (male hormones) interfere with ovulation, leading to missed or delayed periods, weight gain, acne, and excessive hair growth.
• Thyroid Disorders – An underactive (hypothyroidism) or overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism) can disrupt hormone production, causing irregular or absent periods.

2. Stress and Lifestyle Factors

High levels of stress can affect the hypothalamus, the part of the brain responsible for regulating menstrual cycles. Other lifestyle factors such as:

• Sudden weight gain or loss
• Intense physical activity (e.g., athletes, gymnasts, dancers)
• Poor diet, high caffeine or alcohol intake
  can impact period regularity.

3. Birth Control and Medications

• Hormonal contraceptives like birth control pills, IUDs, injections, and implants can alter menstrual patterns, sometimes causing lighter or heavier bleeding, spotting, or missed periods.
• Certain medications, such as antidepressants, blood thinners, and chemotherapy drugs, may also impact menstrual cycles.

4. Perimenopause

Women in their late 30s or 40s may experience irregular cycles due to fluctuating estrogen levels. Symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings, and night sweats often indicate the transition into menopause.

5. Uterine Conditions and Medical Disorders

• Fibroids and Polyps – Non-cancerous growths in the uterus can lead to heavy bleeding, prolonged periods, and pelvic pain.
• Endometriosis – A condition where uterine tissue grows outside the uterus, causing painful periods, spotting, and irregular bleeding.
• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) – An infection of the reproductive organs that can cause irregular cycles and severe cramping.

Symptoms of Irregular Periods

• Skipped periods (more than three months in a row)
• Heavy menstrual bleeding requiring frequent pad/tampon changes
• Spotting between cycles
• Painful cramps and clotting during menstruation
• Unpredictable cycle lengths (shorter than 21 days or longer than 35 days)

Effective Treatment Options for Irregular Periods

1. Lifestyle and Dietary Changes

Making simple lifestyle adjustments can significantly improve menstrual regularity:

• Maintain a Healthy Weight – Obesity or extreme weight loss affects hormone levels, disrupting ovulation.
• Balanced Nutrition – Include iron-rich foods (spinach, beans, lean meats), omega-3 fatty acids (flaxseeds, walnuts, salmon), and whole grains to support hormonal balance.
• Regular Exercise – Moderate physical activity like walking, yoga, and strength training can help manage PCOS and thyroid issues.
• Stress Reduction – Meditation, deep breathing, and quality sleep can regulate the hypothalamus and normalize periods.

2. Medications and Hormonal Therapy

For cases where lifestyle changes are insufficient, doctors may recommend:

• Oral Contraceptives – Birth control pills help regulate menstrual cycles by balancing estrogen and progesterone levels.
• Metformin – Often prescribed for PCOS-related irregular periods, metformin improves insulin resistance and supports ovulation.
• Thyroid Medications – If an underactive or overactive thyroid is the cause, thyroid hormone therapy can restore cycle regularity.

3. Medical Procedures

• Endometrial Ablation – For excessive bleeding, this procedure removes the uterine lining to control heavy periods.
• Surgical Removal of Fibroids or Polyps – If irregular periods are caused by uterine growths, a minimally invasive procedure may be required.

When Should You See a Doctor?

Consult a gynaecologist in Kolkata if you experience:

✔️ Missed periods for three months or longer without pregnancy
✔️ Extremely heavy bleeding (soaking through pads/tampons in an hour)
✔️ Severe cramps, blood clots, or persistent pelvic pain
✔️ Unusual vaginal discharge or foul-smelling period blood
✔️ Excessive hair growth, unexplained weight gain, or acne

Irregular periods are a sign that your body may need medical attention. While some fluctuations are normal, persistent irregularities should not be ignored. At BN Clinic 19, Kolkata, our expert gynaecologists offer comprehensive diagnosis and treatment for menstrual irregularities, PCOS, thyroid disorders, and other reproductive health concerns.

Book an appointment today and take the first step towards hormonal balance and better reproductive health.